我国无效婚姻法律救济制度的缺失与完善

On the Deficiency and Perfection of the Legal Relief System in Marriage Law Regarding Invalid Marriages

新《婚姻法》增设无效婚姻和可撤销婚姻的规定,填补了我国婚姻立法的空白。是我国婚姻法制建设的一大进步。但是不容忽视的是我国无效婚姻的法律救济制度存着严重的缺失,不利于对合法婚姻的保护和对违法婚姻的制裁。为了保护善意,制裁恶意,保护子女的合法权益,在无效婚姻的效力上应当采取切实可行的措施,为权利受到损害的一方提供法律救助。具体措施如下:1、婚姻被宣告无效后,无过错方生活困难有权求对方给与经济上的帮助;2、在分割夫妻共同财产中,确保付出较多义务的一方得到合理的补偿;3、应赋予无效婚生子女与婚生子女同等的法律地位;4、无过错方有权要求精神损害赔偿。

The stipulation to include invalid marriages and revocable marriages has filled the vacancy in China's legislation . It marks a great step forward in the building of legal system in China. But it cannot be ignored that there exists severe deficiency in the legal relief system regarding invalid marriages, which is adverse to the protection of legal marriages and sanction of illegal ones. Effective measures should be adopted to ensure legal aid is rendered to those victims. The specific measures include: 1) when marriages are judged invalid, the innocent have the right to ask for financial help; 2) regarding the division of common property, the one who has assumed more obligations is entitled to rational compensation; 3) children from illegal marriages should be entitled to the same legal status as those from legal ones; 4) the innocent is entitled to mental compensation.