用玻璃碎片抛距推算交通事故碰撞速度的理论和应用

Modelling Collision Velocity Road Accident by Throwing Distances of Glass Splinters

交通事故中抛撒出的玻璃碎片的抛距为交通事故鉴定提供了有用的信息。多年来，一些研究者对交通事故抛撒物的抛撒机理进行了研究，并对玻璃碎片抛撒距离进行了大量的试验。如果玻璃碎片的抛距和玻璃破碎的抛出速度关系已知，就能够确定玻璃破碎的地点或车速。因此，本文首先对玻璃碎片的抛撒运动机理进行了理论分析，在此基础上建立玻璃碎片运动的数学模型，然后，对此模型进行了改进，使其能够直接应用于交通事故的鉴定。借助于已有的试验数据，利用最小二乘法和优化方法确定改进后的数学模型参数。此外，还对这种模型应用的可能性进行了探讨。

The throwing distances of windscreen or headlamp glass splintersbroken down by traffic accident provide additional hints for expert judgement.Inrecent years,researchers have focused attention on the throwing mechanism of glasssplinters and a lot of tests on throwing distance have been carried out.It is possibleto determine the location or the velocity when the glass was crushed if the throwingdistances of glass splinters and the collision velocity can be correlated.Therefore thethrowing mechanism of glass splinter is firstly analysed theorectically to formulate amathematical model and the parameters of the model are determined by the methodof least-square and optimal technique taking into consideration the existing testresults.The possibility of its application are also investigated.