可能补语的不对称成因探析

Analysing the Cause of Dissymmetry of the Potential Complement Dialect

对现代汉语北方方言中,可能补语的肯定式和否定式与普通话相比呈现出的不对称现象,从历时演变角度,即构成可能补语的标志“得”和“了”的语法化过程进行解释是十分必要的。由于“得”、“了”的语法化程度的差异,致使在绝大部分北方方言中,可能补语的肯定式为{VC了},而不是普通话中可能补语的肯定式[V得C]。

In modern Chinese language ,the affirmative and the negative type of the potential complement in northern dialects,comparing with that of Chinese mandarin,present the asymmetric phenomenon. It is very necessary if we explain this kind of the asymmetric phenomenon from the viewpoint of diachronical evolvement,that is,the grammaticizing process to the symbol of the potential complement “de” and “le”. As a result of the difference in the grammaticizing degree of “de”and “le”,it leads to the affirmative type of the potential complement as {VC le} in the most of northern dialects rather than [VdeC] in Chinese mandarin.