中国生态补偿政策评估与框架初探

Policy Evaluation and Framework Discussion of Ecological Compensation Mechanism in China

按照法律法规、政府手段、市场机制的体系对中国现行的生态补偿机制与政策进行了系统的评估,总结了中国生态补偿机制和政策在法律法规体系、财政制度、重大生态建设工程、生态税费制度和市场交易模式等方面存在的问题和改进方向。在此基础上,基于不同尺度上的生态建设外部性问题,提出中国生态补偿机制和政策的初步框架,包括西部生态补偿、生态功能区补偿、流域生态补偿和生态要素补偿等。并针对当前生态补偿面临的紧迫问题和可能的应对措施,提出近阶段中国生态补偿应该重点突破的若干政策领域。

According to the system of laws and regulations, governmental instruments and market mechanisms, a systemic evaluation on China's actual ecological compensation mechanism and policy was made. The problems and amelioration directions of legal system, financial system, key ecological projects, eco-tax system and market exchange mode was summarized. Then, based on the different scales of externality problems of ecological construction in China, they designed the ecological compensation mechanism and the policy basic framework. Finally, aiming at the urgent problems and possible countermeasures, the authors also brought forward several policy fields which should be broken through in ecological compensation in China recently.