唐宪宗时期及其之后的民族关系思想

The Thought of Nationality Relations During and After Emperor Xian Zong in the Tang Dynasty

民族关系思想是各个民族对中国民族关系的认识,是各个时期几乎所有统治者处理民族关系、制定民族政策的理论基础。其中,唐宪宗及其之后的民族关系思想有如下四个特点:第一,“和”是这一时期民族关系思想的核心,无论是李绛、高骈、卢携、陈敬及豆卢的和亲思想,还是李德裕的“抚”、“诚”及牛僧孺的“守信”思想,无不围绕这一核心而驰骋他们的理论思维。第二,这一时期有关民族关系的争论都与当时的朋党之争和派系之争有一定关系。这是唐后期民族关系思想的一大特点。正常的理论争论是必要的,因为通过争论会使人们的认识更加接近真理,但把个人的恩怨尤其是把朋党之争和派系之争牵扯进理论争论之中,不仅会使思想理论更加混乱,而且还会使一部分人的思想发生异化或遭到扭曲。第三,国家不断衰落的政治地位、已遭到严重破坏的社会经济和人们要求安定或苟安偷生的社会心态,都对这一时期的民族关系思想的形成和发展有直接或间接的影响。第四,唐与少数民族政权都在新的形势下对传统的民族关系予以重新审视。少数民族政权要求得到平等地位的意识更加强烈,并强迫中原王朝对他们已取得的政治地位予以承认。

The thought of nationality relations mentioned here is the knowledeg of the relations of the Chinese nationalities. It is the theoretical basis on which almost all the rulers in ancient times dealt with the relations of nationalities and made their policies about nationalities. The thought of nationalities during the rule of and after Emperor Xian Zong in the Tang Dynasty can be summed up in the following four aspects:1)“Harmony” is the core of the thought of nationality relations during the time.2)The relations of nationalities during the time is associated with factional strifes of the time.3)The decline of the political status of the nation brought about direct and indirect influences on the formation and development of the thought of nationality relations.4)The rulers of the Tang Dynasty and that of the minority nationalities both had to reexamine the traditional relations among the nationalities in the new situations.