论1947-1948年美国援蒋反共政策的形成

On the Formation of US Policy of Supporting Chiang Kai-Shek Against the Chinese Communist Party, 1947-1948

二战后,美国政府提出了旨在遏制苏联的“先欧后亚”大战略。美国的国内政治状况并不利于它的实施。杜鲁门政府起初是从遏制苏联的战略角度来看待并处理对华政策的。但为了使大战略得以顺利实施,在国内政治的压力下,对华政策被纳入了反共轨道。之后,美国政府在很大程度上开始把对华政策作为赢得国内对其大战略支持的一个筹码。而国会议员、院外援华集团正是利用了这一点,为谋取私利而极力鼓吹援蒋反共。随着1948年“援华法案”的通过,美国的对华政策完全走上了援蒋反共的不归路。对华政策已失去现实性,在很大程度上变成了一个国内的政治性问题,注定了它的必然失败。

After World War Ⅱ, America launched a grand strategy designed to contain the Soviet Union, facing difficulties in implementing this policy under the unfavorable domestic situations. Truman administration always considered its China policy from the strategic perspective of containing the Soviet Union. As a result, a policy of disengagement from China was adopted for a short time in early 1947.However, in order to guarantee to smoothly implement the grand strategy, and under the domestic political pressure, its China’s policy was put on the anticommunism track. Truman administration began to treat its China policy as a chip to secure public support for the grand strategy, meanwhile Congress representatives took this advantage, advocating support for Chiang Kai-shek against CCP just for their own interests. In April 1948, China Aid Bill got through in Congress, which meant that America's China policy has thoroughly gone on an irreversible way of supporting Chiang Kai-shek against the Chinese Communist Party.