在社会实践中培养和训练学生的技能

Cultivating and Training Students’ Skills in the Course of Social Practice

基础课程教育改革倡导学生主动参与、乐于探究、勤于动手,培养学生搜集和处理信息、获取新知识、分析和解决问题的能力,以及交流与合作的能力。而长期以来我国基础教育始终处于强调接受学习、死记硬背、机械训练的状况。本文剖析了造成这种状况的历史原因。农耕文明形成的国民重视经验的传统在教育的表现就是“听话”和“听讲”,同时中国传统的学校教育采用的“口授笔传”的教育方式形成了“教师中心”、“教材中心”“课堂中心”等观念。笔者认为组织学生深入社会,通过亲身实践可以激发学生的学习兴趣,变被动为主动,变消极为积极,在实践中学会学习,实现真正意义上的“自主学习”。本文介绍了杭州一所学校结合当地文化资源进行的社会调查实践活动,从而验证了这种方式对转变学生的学习方式,提高学生的学习能力有着积极的促进作用。

Present reform of basic education in China advocates independent study of students by active participation in learning process, so as to develop students' ability to solve problems in practice. The real situation of basic education is that learning is a boring process of memorization, passive listening and mechanical exercises, which is far beyond the request.The author analyzes the historic reasons and suggests that social practice and investigation is an effective way to stimulate students' passion to learn and foster an independent learning style. This idea is well verified by a school's research on Liang Zhu Culture.