传统《诗经》学对怨诗的诠释与儒家“诗教”——以孔子、郑玄、朱熹、马瑞辰为例

The Annotations on the Resentful Poems by the Traditional Scholarship of the Book of Songs and the Confucian Poem Teaching——Taking Confucius, Zheng Xuan, Zhu Xi, Ma Ruichen as Examples

《诗经》中存在着大量的怨诗,抒发了多种多样的怨情。围绕《诗经》怨诗而展开的诠释是我国传统《诗经》学研究的一个重要组成部分。孔子、郑玄、朱熹、马瑞辰可分别作为古代两千多年的《诗经》学研究史四个时期(即“先秦诗学”、“诗经汉学”、“诗经宋学”、“诗经清学”)的代表性人物,由他们对《诗经》怨诗的诠释,我们当能大致完整地勾勒出一个历代演进的轨迹。在传统《诗经》学对怨诗诠释的背后是儒家“温柔敦厚”的“诗教”在起作用。正是儒家“诗教”,广泛、持久地影响了历代对《诗经》怨诗的诠释。

There are a large number of resentful poems, expressing the varied resentful feelings, in the Book of Songs. The annotations around the resentful poems of the Book of Songs is an important component of the traditional scholarship of the Book of Songs in our country. Confucius, Zheng Xuan, Zhu Xi, Ma Ruichen can be separately regarded as the representative figures of the four periods in the history of the Book of Songs studying (the Book of Songs studying in the pre-Qin period, Han Xue of the Book of Songs, Song Xue of the Book of Songs, Qing Xue of the Book of Songs) during over two thousand years in ancient times. According to their annotations on the resentful poems of the Book of Songs, we can roughly outline the progress in the dynasties. Behind the annotations on the resentful poems by the traditional scholarship of the Book of Songs, exactly the Confucian poem teaching, which is tender and gentle, is working. It is the Confucian poem teaching that influences the annotations on the resentful poems of the Book of Songs in the dynasties extensively and lastingly.