我国河流综合水质标识指数评价方法研究

Comprehensive Water Quality Identification Index for EnvironmentalQuality Assessment of Surface Water

在单因子水质标识指数法基础上,提出一种全新的河流总体的综合水质评价方法——综合水质标识指数法.综合水质标识指数可以完整表达河流总体的综合水质信息,其特点是既能定性评价、也能定量评价;既不会因个别水质指标较差就否定综合水质,又能对河流综合水质做出合理的评价;既可以用于一条河流不同断面水质的客观比较,又可以用于不同河流水质的评价比较;既可以在同一类别中比较水质的优劣,也可以对劣Ⅴ类水比较污染的严重程度.将综合水质标识指数用于上海市河流的水质评价取得了令人信服的评价结果,并确定了我国河流水体黑臭的判别准则.

Based on the single factor water quality identification index,the comprehensive water quality identification index,which is a new tool for general water quality assessment of surface water,is presented.The comprehensive water quality identification index can fully depict the general water quality of surface water,and its characteristics are listed as follows.Firstly,it can evaluate general water quality both qualitatively and quantitatively; secondly,it assesses general water quality by a group of typical assessing items instead of deciding by the worst assessing item,so the assessment of general water quality is reasonable; thirdly,it can be used to compare general water quality of different stations of the same river and different rivers,and it can also be used to compare general water quality with the same classification of classes Ⅰ～Ⅴand the class worse than classⅤ.Nowadays the comprehensive water quality identification index has been applied in evaluating the general water quality of Shanghai's rivers,and very convincing conclusions have been drawn.In addition,the criterion for river's blackness and stink is ascertained.