略论壮族历史的若干问题

On a Few Issues in the History of Zhuang Nationality

壮族历史有不少问题至今没有廓清,本文仅就何时跨入文明门槛、是否经过奴隶制和侬智高起兵性质略谈浅见。笔者认为,考古材料和古籍记载表明,壮族发生阶级分化的时间比预料的要早,至迟商周之际部分地区即已跨进文明的门槛。进入阶级社会后是否经过奴隶制?通过对考古材料、语言材料、民间文学艺术、文献记载等的综合分析,壮族是经过奴隶制的,但不是希腊罗马的典型奴隶制,也不是一般的家长奴隶制,而是两者之间的过渡形态,可称之为家族奴隶制。侬智高反宋既非农民起义,也不是民族战争或地方割据,而是一场反对蚕食,反对割让,保境自守,力争内附,以便完璧归宋的爱国正义战争。

Some issues in the history of Zhuang Nationality have not been clarified so far, but this paper will only briefly discuss a few issues on when the Zhuang Nationality stepping into the era of civilization, whether they undergoing slave society, and why Long Zhigao rising in rebellion. The writer believes, as archaeological data and ancient records show, the time that the Zhuang Nationality divided into classes is earlier than expected. Some areas had stepped into the era of civilization as late as in Shang or Zhou Dynasty. Had they passed through the slave society after they entered into the class society? After generally analyzing archaeological data, language materials, folk literature and art, historical records and so on, we think the Zhuang Nationality had passed through the slave society, but which was neither as typical as that in ancient Greece and Rome, nor as that of patriarchal one, which was, actually, a transitional period, that can be called Patriarchal Slave System. Long Zhigao's rebellion against Song Dynasty was neither a peasant revolt, nor a national war or regional separation, but a patriotic and just war fighting against encroaching and cession and trying to protect their own territory so as to submit to the throne of Song Dynasty.