古代秦皇岛航海地位沿革概述

General Exposition of the Evolution of Navigation Postion of Qinhuangdao in Ancient Times

秦皇岛作为我国北方海域的重要航海口岸，自古人类活动以来，就与中原地区发生了海上联系，其航海地位已初具雏形。自先秦至隋唐时期，由于历代帝王对秦皇岛航海地位的重视，使秦皇岛与山东、辽东及东南沿海的联系更加密切，其航海规模一次比一次宏大。迨至明清时期，因秦皇岛所处的战略地位，以军事运输为主的航海活动空前活跃起来。设置＂海运厅＂后，秦皇岛地区的海运管理更趋健全和严密；为保障行船安全，出现了早期的导航标志和组织，是秦皇岛航海技术和航海设施的重大进步。清末，秦皇岛自开口岸被帝国主义骗占后，其航海地位是悲惨和畸形的，直到１９４８年秦皇岛解放，其航海地位揭开了崭新的一页。本文比较系统地概述了古代秦皇岛航海地位，对文史工作者研究秦皇岛古代航海活动有一定的参考价值。

Being an important navigation port of north areas of China, since mankind's activities appeared, Qinhuangdao got in touch with Central Plains in sailing, its navigation position had qualified embryo.During the period of Xian Qin to Suitang, for the emperors of post ages attached importance to the navigation position of Qinhuangdao, the connections of Qinhuangdao with Shandong, Liaodong and South-east areas became even more closed, and the sailing scale got greater and greater each time.Until the period of Ming and Qing, due to the strategic position Qinhuangdao located, the sailing activites of combining military transport became active. After the setting of 'Ocean Shipping Department', the ocean shipping management of the area of Qinhuangdao became more perfect and closed ; In order to ensure safety in sailing, the early sign and organization of navigation appered. It is a great progress in sailing technology and sailing installation of Qinhuangdao.The last stage of Qing, the port opened by Qinhuangdao itself was occupied deceivingly by imperialism. its navigation position was miserable and abnormal. Until the liberation of Qinhuangdao in 1948, its navigation position uncovered a new page.This article discusses generally the navigation position of Qinhuangdao in ancient times. It has fair value for reference for the workers of literature and history to study the navigation activities of Qinhuangdao.