无涉道德的宪法——重读戴西的宪法理论

Nonmoral Constitutional Law

戴西的宪法理论在中国颇有影响,其著作常被奉为“宪法经典”,但并不等于这部著作成为了应变万事的“真理”。本文从三个方面剖析了戴西的宪法理论中缺乏司法违宪审查的根源,即议会主权原则确立了法律的不可审查地位,形式化的法治原则绝断了追问法律是否正当的可能性,将宪法惯例故意释为宪法道德误导了对司法审查的认识。戴西宪法理论的这些特征与其法律实证主义的理论背景不可分,他通过对立政治与法律,使宪法与政治道德无涉。但是,戴西的宪法理论并不是无懈可击,本文在上述三方面的基础之上进一步揭示了其理论的“缺陷”,而这些“缺陷”为建立司法违宪审查制度给予了充分的提示。

Dicey’s constitutional theory has an important effec t on the practice of China. However, insisting on his theory implies that we canno t establish constitutional review. I analyze further the cause of lacking judici al review in Dicey’s constitutional theory from three aspects, that is, first, the principle of parliamentary sovereign establishes unexamined law; Secondly, f ormal rule of law stops the possibility of inquiring the legitimacy of law; Thir dly, constitutional convention is intended to explain constitutional morality, s o this misleads the view of judicial review. Constitutional law without morality comes to the position of how to understand Dicey’s constitutional law.