用边际费用分析方法研究制定排污收费的新标准

A STUDY ON WORKING OUT A NEW EFFLUENT CHARGE STANDARD WITH THE MARGINAL COST ANALYSIS METHOD

排污收费的有效性主要取决于它的经济刺激作用。本文分析了排污收费的经济学原理，提出了制定排污收费标准更为合理有效的方法──边际费用分析法，定量地描述和分析了排污收费与其经济刺激作用的关系，以天津纪庄子污水处理厂为例，提出应建立的排污收费标准。本文指出，有效地运用排污收费来管理污水的排放，必须实行区域总量控制，制定具有有效的经济刺激作用的排污收费标准。

Effectiveness of effluent charge depends upon its economic stimulation.This paper analyses the economic principle of the effluent charge;proposes a more reasonable and effective method──marginal cost analysis method and describes the relation between the effluent charge and its economic stimulation quantitatively.Then taking Tianjin Jizhuangzi Wastewater Treatment Plant as an example,the effluent charge standard which should be established is proposed.Furthermore,this paper indicates that total quantity control must be carried out and regional total quantity control must be combined with the effluent charge stantard in order to work out an efficient effluent charge stantard with economic stimulation. Therefore,this study offers the foundation and reference for working out and completing the domestic effluent charge standard with theoretical and practical values.