巢湖生态系统之优化

OPTIMIZATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF LAKE CHAOHU

巢湖为中国五大淡水湖之一，它是合肥市的可靠洪水水源，又是合肥通往长江的水上通道，并灌溉着周围４０万公顷土地。然而，巢湖面临泥沙淤积、水质污染、富营养化与旱涝灾害四大生态问题。本文提出以水量调控为主的生态系统调控方法，除进行人口控制与绿化外，还进行了巢湖分洪道与江淮运河两项工程。水量调控可解决巢湖四大生态问题，还可缓解淮河中游水量不足及其水污染问题，且有水上运输的便利。计算结果表明，水量调控的湖泊生态系统优化方法是目前经济可行而有效的方法之一。

ake Chaohu,one of the five largest fresh water iakes in China, is a reliable water source of Hefei City,and the thoroughfare on water which connects Hefei City with Changjiang River. It irrigates 400, 000 hectare of fields around it,and is called' a bright pearl between Changjiang River and Huaihe River'. However, sediment,water pollution, eutrophication and disastrous drought and waterlogging are four large ecologic problems with which Lake Chaohu is faced.This paper suggests a method of ecological system control that put water quantity control first.In addition to control the population and afforestation, there are two projects,i e. the 'Jiang Huai Canal' and the water-way channel of Lake Chaohu.It can not only solve the four large ecological problems in Lake Chaohu completely,but also mitigate gradually the water shortage and water pollution in the middle reaches of Huaihe River and is convenient to navigation. And it is proxetl that this method is the most economical, practical and effective by computation.