中国人口迁移的区域差异与流场特征

Areal Differentiation of Inter-provincial Migration in China and Characteristics of the Flow Field

通过2000年人口普查省际迁移数据的分析,揭示了当代中国人口迁移的区域分异性,以及不同原因的流场新模式。研究发现,中国人口迁移进入高活性、高能力的新阶段;东中西部人口迁移的不平衡性不断加剧,“中部塌陷”不仅是经济意义上的,而且也是社会意义上的;人口省际迁移的辐合流场与辐散流场在进一步发展,珠江三角洲是最大的迁移辐合中心;东北与山东的对流渐趋消失,西北取代东北成为非沿海区域新的人口引力中心;以秦岭-淮河线东段和黑河-腾冲线南段为界,人口迁移分裂为东南和西北两大“流域”。就业迁移的优势程度在进一步加大,市场取代计划成为人口和人才流动的第一动力;婚姻迁移的主流方向是西南贫困山区指向华东农村,形成了西南“喀斯特新娘输出区”。

The authors analyzed migration data of 2000 Census and discovered the areal differentiations of migration rates and the migration flow fields for different reasons in contemporary China. Internal migration in China reached a new era of high activity and high capability. The unbalance of migration rates among east, middle and west belts has been enforced gradually, proving that the 'mid-belt subsiding' is a phenomena of society as well as economy. Within the three typical flow patterns, both convergence and radial migration pattern have developed which made the Peal River Delta a powerful convergence center, while convection between Northeast China and Shandong is disappearing. The Northwest is replacing Northeast as a new attractive area. If divided by Qinling-Huaihe and Heihe-Tengchong combined natural with human geographical lines, the migration field in China breaks into two 'flow basins' of Southeast and Northwest. Priority of employment is getting greater in migration and market replacing planning acts the first driven force to migration and talent flow. The marriage migration directs mainly from southwest mountainous area to eastern rural area, which creates a 'karst bride source' in Southwest China.