164例法洛四联症的外科治疗

Surgical Treatment of Tetralogy of Fallot: A Report of 164 Cases

目的总结164例法洛四联症(tetralogyofFallot,TOF)患者手术治疗的经验,探讨手术时机、危险因素和围术期处理等。方法对164例TOF患者行根治手术,其中单纯右心室流出道漏斗部狭窄37例,漏斗部及肺动脉瓣狭窄14例,主肺动脉及左右肺动脉狭窄113例。合并肺动脉闭锁5例。分别给予自体心包片或自体心包卷成心外管道加宽右心室流出道、同种带瓣血管行右心室-肺动脉连接等处理;合并的心脏畸形作相应的矫正。结果全组手术死亡6例,手术死亡率为3.66%(6/164)。死亡原因严重低心排血量综合征2例,冠状动脉移植后不能脱离体外循环机1例,发生室性心律失常1例,术后发生急性呼吸窘迫综合征2例。术后发生心肺并发症55例,均经治疗后恢复。结论行TOF根治术患者年龄应减小,低心排血量综合征已不是导致术后并发症和死亡的主要原因,术中、术后处理的重点应为预防肺动脉残余梗阻和肺部并发症。

Objective To sum up the therapeutic results of corrective surgery of 164 cases of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), and explore the optimal time and risk factors of operation,as well as perioperative management. Methods One hundred and sixty-four consecutive cases of TOF underwent corrective surgery. There were simple stenosis of infundibular portion in right ventricular outflow tract in 37 cases, stenosis of infundibulum and pulmonary valve in 14 cases, main pulmonary trunk and left/right pulmonary arteries stenosis in 113 cases, and pulmonary atresia in 5 cases. Autologous pericardial conduit, valved homograft were used for right ventriculo-pulmonary artery connection, respectively. Other anomalies were corrected. Results The surgical mortality was 3.66% (6/164). The cause of death were serious low cardiac output syndrome(2 case), fail to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass after coronary artery bypass grafting (1 case), ventricular arrhythmia(1 case) and postoperative acute respiratory distress syndrome (2 cases). Conclusion It's necessary to perform corrective operation on younger TOF patients. Low cardiac output syndrome is not the key reason of leading to postoperative complications or death. Preventing remnant obstruction of pulmonary artery and pulmonary complication should be focused during and after operation.