湖南省土家族中小学生体质现状的比较研究

Comparative Research on Current Physical Constitution Situation of Primary and Middle School Students of Tujia Nationality in Hunan

欲了解土家族学生的体质现状,在湘西北对土家族中小学生的体质状况进行了抽样研究。研究结果显示:土家族学生的生长发育和运动素质存在城乡和土汉差异:土家族学生的身高、体重、男生肺活量、女生仰卧起坐等城市优于乡村,男生上肢力量等素质乡村优于城市;与汉族比较,土家族学生身高发育较晚,较矮,肺活量较小,城市学生体重较轻,耐力素质较好,农村学生的体型较矮胖,中学男生上肢力量素质较好。体质差异主要是地区经济、生活、教育条件和锻炼机会的差异所致,大力发展民族地区经济是提高土家族学生体质的根本途径。建议体质监测时,土家族学生按城、乡分组,消除因样本城乡构成不同所致的偏倚。

In order to make a good understanding about the current physical constitution situation of Tujia nationality students in Hunan, this research conducts a random investigation among the primary and middle school students of Tujia nationality in the area of Northwest Hunan province. The results show that there exists the obvious differences in the level of growth and development, and sports competence between the urban and rural areas and between Tujia and Han students; the urban students were superior in height, weight, boys' vital capacity and girls' sit-ups, inferior in the boys' upper limbs strength etc. to the rural students; Tujia students' height development was later and shorter, their vital capacity was lesser, weight was lighter and endurance quality was better in cities, bodily form was pudgier in rural areas, the boys' upper limbs strength was better in middle schools than Han students. These differences were mainly caused by the differences of the regional economy, life, education conditions and chance of physical exercise. Devoting major efforts to developing national regional economy is the basic way to improve the Tujia students' physical constitution. It is suggested that the Tujia students be divided into groups according to the city or rural area to eliminate the bias caused by the difference in proportions of urban and rural students between samples or between sample and its population when monitoring the students' physical constitution.