种群外部及内部因子对东方田鼠巢区大小的效应

Effecs of exernal and inrinsic facors on home range size in reed vole populaions

在野外围栏条件下, 采用重复的2×2×2析因实验, 测定外部和内部因子对东方田鼠(Microtus fortis)巢区大小的作用模式。研究结果表明, 雄体巢区大小显著大于雌体巢区大小。雄体巢区大小与体重存在显著的正相关, 而雌体巢区大小与体重的相关不显著; 雄体和雌体巢区大小与种群数量均呈显著的线性负相关。外部因子对东方田鼠雄体和雌体巢区大小的作用不一致。在排除内部因子种群数量及体重对雄体巢区大小作用的条件下, 食物对雄体巢区大小的作用显著; 而捕食及种间竞争的独立作用及其交互作用, 以及3 种外部因子的交互作用均不显著; 在排除种群数量对巢区大小作用的条件下, 食物与捕食的独立作用及3 种外部因子的交互作用对雌体巢区大小的效应均达到显著水平, 食物与种间竞争的交互作用接近显著, 而种间竞争的独立作用、食物和捕食的交互作用, 以及捕食与种间竞争的交互作用对雌体巢区大小的效应均不显著。本文结果验证了种群外部因子食物、捕食及种间竞争、种群内部因子种群数量及个体体重对田鼠种群巢区大小具有独立和交互作用的假设。

Effec paerns of exernal and inrinsic facors on home range size for reed voles Microus foris were measured using 2×2×2 facorial experimen design in a field enclosure. Resuls showed ha average home range size for male reed voles was significanly larger han ha for females. here was a significan posiive correlaion beween home range size and body mass for males,bu he home range size for females was no relaed o heir body mass. Home range size for male and female reed voles were boh negaively relaed o populaion number. here were no consisen rends in he effecs of exernal facors on home range size of male and female reed voles. Afer he effecs of populaion minimum number of known alive and body mass on home range size of males were considered,he effecs of food on home rang size of males were sill significan while he independen and ineracive effecs of predaion and inerspecific compeiion or hree facors were all no significan. he independen effecs of food,predaion and ineracive effecs of hree facors on home range size of females were all significan while ineracive effecs of food and inerspecific compeiion were marginally significan. Independen effecs of inerspecific compeiion,ineracive effecs of food and predaion were no significan afer he effecs of populaion minimum number of known alive were considered. he resuls suppored hypoheses ha here were independen and ineracive effecs of exernal facors of populaion such as food,predaion and inerspecific compeiion and inrinsic facors such as populaion numbers and body mass on home ranges of he voles.