四川瓦屋山金色林鸲的繁殖生态及孵卵节律

Breeding Notes and Incubation Rhythm of the Golden Bush Robin (Tarsiger chrysaeus) at Wawushan, Sichuan

20 0 3年 4～ 7月 ,在四川省瓦屋山自然保护区对金色林鸲 (Tarsigerchrysaeus)的繁殖生态和孵卵节律进行了较为深入的研究。金色林鸲营巢期从 4月下旬～ 6月中旬 ,孵卵期一般为 1 6～ 1 7d,育雏期为1 6d。窝卵数一般为 3～ 4枚 ,平均为 (3 . 75± 0. 45 )枚 (n =1 2 ) ,孵化率为 60 0 % ,育雏成功率为 85 2 %。仅雌鸟孵卵 ,根据对 3巢的监测 ,发现雌鸟早晨 6:0 0时左右首次离巢 ,晚上 2 0 :0 0时左右回到巢中 ,每天出巢次数 1 8～ 1 9次。孵卵雌鸟每次出巢时间一般少于 2 0min ,异常离巢时最长达到 65 6min。雌鸟出巢时间的长度和环境温度呈明显的正相关 (Spearman,r=0 . 1 1 8,P =0 . 0 0 7,n =5 3 1 )。金色林鸲雄鸟存在羽毛延迟成熟现象 ,亚成体雄鸟可以繁殖。

During April to July 2003, we studied the breeding biology, especially on the incubation rhythm of the Golden Bush Robin (Tarsiger chrysaeus) at Wawushan Natural Reserve in Sichuan Province. The nesting period lasted from late April to middle June. The length of incubation and nestling period were both 16-17 days. The clutch size was 3-4 eggs, averaged 3.75±0.45 eggs (n=12). Only female incubated. According to data from three nests, the females normally took 18-19 recesses per day from 6:00 am to 8:00 pm. The length for one recess was usually less than 20 minutes, however, some unusual recesses were monitored with the longest recess of 656 minutes. Normal recess time is positively correlated to the ambient temperature. We identified that the Golden Bush Robin is a DPM (delayed plumage maturation) species and its sub-adult males could breed in female-like plumage.