双侧第二足趾移植修复全手及全手指缺损

Crab-shaped hand reconstruction: bilateral second toes transfer for reconstruction of total hand or total digits defect

目的评价双侧第二足趾移植治疗全手及全手指缺损的疗效。方法采用吻合血管的双侧第二足趾移植为14例全手及全手指缺损患者进行手指再造,共再造28指,全部成活。其中男11例,女3例;年龄4～44岁,平均22.7岁;13例为外伤所致,1例为先天性全手指缺损。根据缺损水平、功能解剖及术中功能重建特点分为:掌骨远端水平缺损伴良好的拇外展肌功能(Ⅰ型)6例,掌骨近端及腕关节水平缺损(Ⅱ型)5例,前臂残端尺、桡骨远端水平缺损(Ⅲ型)3例。结果术后全部患者均获得随访,随访时间2～15年,平均6.6年,再造指血运良好,指腹饱满。手指总主动活动度35°～105°,平均57.5°。两再造指均能对指,并可捏持笔、钥匙、墨水瓶、针等物品。两再造指指腹间距离为2.6～6.5cm,平均4.3cm。按英国医学研究会评定标准(1954),感觉恢复达S3+者10例20指。根据中华医学会手外科学会拇、手指再造功能评定试用标准:优2例,良7例,中4例,差1例。结论对全手及全手指缺损宜采用双侧带跖趾关节的第二足趾移植再造两指,既可以重建部分手功能,又对供区的破坏和影响不大。

Objective To report the result of bilateral second toes transfer for reconstruction of total hand or total digits defect. Methods A series of 14 total hand or total digits defect were reconstructed by transplantation of 2nd toes from both feet forming a crab-shaped hand. Among 14 cases, 11 cases were males and 3 females. The patients were aged from 4-44 years, with an average of 22.7 years. One of the 14 cases was of congenital deformity and the other 13 were caused by trauma. The 14 cases were classified into three types according to the level of amputation; Type Ⅰ: defect at the distal end of the metacarpal bone with good function of abductor pollicis in 6 cases; Type Ⅱ: at the proximal end of carpus or the level of wrist joint in 5 cases; and type Ⅲ: at the forearm end stump in 3 cases. All the operations were successful. Results All 28 transferred toes survived uneventfully with good blood supply and pulp fullness and elasticity. Follow-up examination made at mean 6.6 years postoperative period (2-15 years) showed that mean total active motion (TAM) of IP joints of reconstructed digit was 57.5° (35°-105°). All the 14 cases had restored digital function, such as opposition of the fingers, pinching a pencil, a key, a needle or holding an ink-bottle. The mean distance between the two reconstructed digital pulps was 4.3 cm (2.6-6.5 cm). Judging by the evaluation standard of British Medical Institute, sensation recovery to S3+ was obtained in 20 digits of 10 cases. Based on the trial criteria of the function of hand reconstruction of hand surgery society of Chinese Medical Association, 2 were assessed as excellent, 7 good, 4 fair and 1 poor. Conclusion Reconstruction of crab-shaped hand for total hand or total digits defect by transfer of bilateral 2nd toes with metatarso-phalangeal joint can give the patient reasonable prehensile function without much impairment to foot function.