浅谈宋代御史台的督察职能及历史作用

An Elementary Study of Yushitai′s Supervising Function and Historical Role in the Song Dynasty

御史台是我国古代封建国家的重要监督机构。宋代御史官是皇帝的耳目,由皇帝亲自任命,其职责是纠察官邪,肃正纲纪。御史对宰相百僚在重大活动、科举考试、司法过程、行政事务、日常着装、行为规范等方面实施有效的督察,更进一步加强了专制主义中央集权,巩固了国家的统一,维护了赵宋王朝的统治,使宋代社会出现了一个相对稳定的局面,这对社会生产和经济文化的发展也是极为有利的。

Yushitai was an important Supervising orga ni zation in ancient feudal China. Yushi(Imperial officials)in the Song Dynasty worked as emperors′ spies,who were appointed by emperors in person and whose d uty was to check unhealthy tendencies among officials and to enforce state disci plines. They effectively supervised officials, senior and junior, in different r espects, such as in major activities, imperial examinations, judicial proceeding s, administrative affairs, daily clothing and behavior, etc.,thus further streng thening the autocratic centralization, consolidating the country′s unification, defending the Zhao′s ruling of the Song Dynasty and making the society take on a comparatively stable aspect. These were all extremely advantageous to the dev elopment of social production, economy and culture.