含泪的笑——论迪伦马特的戏剧美学特征

Tearful Laugh——On Dürrenmatt's Theatric Esthetics

迪伦马特吸收了西方现代主义美学思潮中的许多特点,熔铸成自己独特的戏剧艺术与戏剧美学。创作上他拒绝从现成的理论原则出发,强调“瞬间直觉”;他痴迷于怪诞风格,喜欢“即兴奇想”;他推崇悖谬思维,并使之成为他的艺术秘诀;他将悲情隐于笑闹之中,以其构成“含泪的笑”的、黑色幽默式的悲喜剧艺术。他的戏剧既具艺术性,又具哲理性;既具现代性,又具大众性。

In shaping his own theatric art and esthetics, Friedrich Dürrenmatt has learned a lot from the European modernist literature. He refuses to follow ready theoretical doctrines, but relies on “instantaneous inspirations'; and, being engrossed with the bizarre and the grotesque, he enjoys “fantasizing on the moment'. He also greatly appreciates paradoxes, which become an essential element of his art. Dürrenmatt has implanted the tragic into the comedy and melodrama, thereby created his tragicomedies full of “tearful laughs' and black humor. His plays are at once artistically accomplished and philosophically deep-going, both modernistic and very popular.