言尽意:语言表意的自觉性——论中国古代“言尽意”理论的发展

On Development Of Theory of 'language Express Meaning'in Ancient China

“言尽意”是古人一直追求的目标。孔子提出“辞达而已矣”的命题,开启了后世对“言尽意”问题的广泛探讨。欧阳建的《言尽意论》从哲学上发挥了孔子的思想,紧紧抓住名与物、言与理的统一表达自己的言意观,非常强烈地冲击了玄学家的“言不尽意”的诡辨。范晔开始从言与意统一的立场出发提出言与意的等级与轻重问题,实现了“言尽意”由纯粹理论问题向实践问题的转变。此后,杜牧强调“辞愈朴而文愈高”;苏轼追求语言的平淡,强调“了然于心”;李东阳从审美创造和接受这两个角度论述“言尽意”的意蕴;恽敬把辞达与作者的心、神、气、知联系起来;以及古人对声律与表意的关系的认识,等等,都是“言尽意”理论的重要收获。

Language express meaning'is a goa)- that the ancients were seeking.Kongzi put forward the problem at first.Ou yang-jian developed Kongzi's thought in philosophy,and expressed his views about 1anguage and meaning in name and substance and language and truth.Fan-ye studied the prob-em about grade and weight of language and meaning,and realized change that 'language express meaning'as a problem of pure theory to practice.Hereafter,Du-mu emphasized that language is more unadorned and artlcle is more excellent:Su-Shi emphasized simple language;Li dong-yang discussed the intention of'language express meaning'in aesthetic treatlon and acception;Hun-jinglinked 'languageexpressmeaning'and author' sheart?spirit?Qi?realize,and ancients discussed the metre and meaning,and so on. All are an important harvest in theory of'language express meaning'.