《离骚》的总体结构

A Discussion of the Overall Structure of Lisao

对《离骚》结构的分析,王邦采《离骚汇订》提出的三大段说影响甚大,而其实打断了原作的线索,并不可取。《离骚》全诗可分为两大段,一过渡,一尾声。第一大段从开头到“虽体解吾犹未变兮,岂余心之可惩”,写诗人在现实中的斗争与失败;第二大段从“跪敷衽以陈辞兮,耿吾既得此中正”到“仆夫悲余马怀兮,蜷曲顾而不行”,写诗人在幻想世界的求索和牢骚,其中心为“求女”。处于两大段之间的部分是一过渡;“乱曰”以下为尾声。

In the analysis of the structure of Liso, three-part theory, suggested by Wang Bangcai in Lisao Hui Ding, is quite influential.But in fact it is not proper to do so as it breaks the thread of the poem. Lisao may be divided into two parts, in addition to a tranxition and an epilogue. The first part is from the beginning to 'Sui Tijie Wu Youwei Bian Xi, Qie Yuxin Zhi Ke Cheng',which describes the poet's actual struggle and defeat The second part starts from 'Gui Furen Yi Chenci Xi, Gen Wu Jide Ci Zhongzhen'and ends with'Pufu Bei Yu Ma Huai Xi, Juanqu Gu Er Bu Xing',which evoes Quyuan's pursuit in a visionary world and his complaints, with the focus on 'Qiunv'. The part that is between the above two above two is a transition, whereas the part following'LuanYue'is the end.