第一人称代词的虚指及其心理动因

The Extensive Reference of the First Person Pronoun and Its Psychological Motivation

现代汉语第一人称代词的虚指与语境密切相关,并有其心理动因。“我们”可以指“我”,“我”可以用来指“我们”或“我们的”、“我国”等,“咱”、“咱们”可以单指“我”、“你”等。得体的第一人称代词虚指,有利于引起接受者的注意,有利于激发接受者的代入感,有利于表达者情绪情感的抒发,有助于表达和接受的良性互动以及语言符号与言语使用者之间的关联。

There is a close relation between the extensive reference of the first person pronoun and the context. The said reference has its psychological motivation, and it is indeed a flexible usage of personal pronoun in a special context. ″我们″, widely employed in all kinds of genres, especially in academic styles, are actually referring to ″我″. In this situation, the extensive reference accords with the Principle of Politeness in Pragmatics. Its application makes expressions more persuasive and objective, minimizing the flavor of arrogance. The extensive reference in this context also helps the receiver accept the expresser's discourse on an equal basis. ″我″is also frequently employed in the titles of the newspapers. Here,″我″ is actually referring to ″我们″,″我们的″ or ″我国″ etc,in order to highlight the speaker's feeling of pride and achievement with distinct standpoint and comparable psychology. ″咱″and ″咱们″ may respectively refer to ″我″ and ″你″ etc. In this case, it can modulate the tone of the speaker, and at the same time shorten the distance between the speaker and the listener.The suitable extensive reference of the first person pronoun does good to attract the receiver's attention, stimulate his role awareness, voice the speaker's emotion and feeling, and touch the receiver's heart. The interaction between expression and acceptance may likewise benefit from its proper use. It can even lead to the strong relevance between the linguistic symbol and the language user.