克拉玛依地区的利什曼病XIV．硕大白蛉吴氏亚种自然感染前鞭毛体的鉴定

LEISHMANIASIS IN KARAMAY XIV.IDENTIFICATION OF PROMASTIGOTE ISOLATES FROM NATURALLY INFFCTED PHLEBOTOMUS MAJOR WUI

硕大白蛉吴氏亚种是新疆克拉玛依地区的主要蛉种之一，具有强的亲人性，在野外和居民点内常能查见该蛉有前鞭毛体的自然感染。本文结果表明，白蛉自然感染的前鞭毛体能使仓鼠及ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠发生内脏利什曼病；在感染仓鼠内脏涂片上的无鞭毛体，由蛉体而来的明显较由大沙鼠而来的都兰利什曼原虫为小；白蛉自然感染的前鞭毛体在ＮＮＮ培养基内生长不良；用￣（３２）Ｐ标记的ｇｐ￣（６３）基因为探针，与婴儿利什曼原虫、都兰利什曼原虫及白蛉自然感染的前鞭毛体的ＤＮＡ进行杂交，证实蚌体自然感染的原虫与婴儿利什曼原虫同源。克拉玛依无内脏利什曼病人，但人群中有皮肤利什曼病流行。关于硕大白蛉吴氏亚种自然感染的来源以及当地的皮肤利什曼病究竟是由都兰利什曼原虫抑或婴儿利什曼原虫所致，尚待阐明。

Phlebotomus major wui,an anthropophilic specics,was predominant among sandflies inKa ramay,Xinjiang of China.The females of this species collected in the wild and houseswere detected to be infected with promastigotes.Three isolates of promastigotes obtainedfrom P.major wui were inoculated intraperitoneally and subcutaneously into normal ham-sters or BALB/c mice which developed visceral leishmaniasis later.The mean size ofamastigotes in hamster viscera(smear observation) artificially inoculated with the culturedparasite originated from sandfly was significantly smaller than those in control hamster inoc-ulated with the cultured Leishmania turanica from great gerbils in situ.The promastigotesfrom P. major wui hardly grew in NNN medium.In addition,32P labeled gene gp63 was usedas probe to hybridize DNA prepared from L.infantum,L.turanica and Leishmania from thissandfly showed that marked homogeneity existed between the isolates from P. major wui andL.infantum.At the present time,visceral leishmaniasis did not occur in Karamay but cutaneousleishmaniasis (CL)has been evidenced.Thus,what is the source of natural infection of P. major wui? Whether L.turanica or L.infantum is the pathogen of human CL in this area? These are interesting aspects to deal with in the further study.