我国优秀摔跤运动员运动损伤调查分析

Investigation on Sports Injuries in Chinese Elite Wrestlers

研究目的:探讨我国优秀摔跤运动员运动损伤特征、损伤易患部位、导致损伤发生的原因,以期为第28届奥运会的备战提供有效的预防和治疗措施。研究对象:我国备战2004年奥运会的国家摔跤集训队三跤(男子古典跤、男子自由跤、女子自由跤)的44名重点运动员(包括奥运会的8名参赛运动员)。研究结果:从运动损伤性质和种类来看,三跤没有明显区别,都以关节挫伤、韧带损伤和肌肉拉伤最为常见,其次为耳廓损伤和劳损;从运动损伤的部位看,女子自由跤与男子自由跤没有明显区别,损伤部位多发生于膝关节、肘关节、指关节、耳部、肩关节和腰背;但男子古典跤腰背部损伤占第一位,其次为膝关节、肘关节;在三跤中,专项训练中发生的损伤最多;发生损伤的原因主要是准备活动不充分、动作不正确、慢性劳损和场地监督不够等;针灸、推拿是首选的治疗手段,其次为理疗、外敷药物、内服药物等。

Purpose: This study was to survey the characters, locations and causes of sports injuries in Chinese elite wrestlers in order to establish prevention and recovery measures for 28th Olympic Games. Subjects: 44 wrestlers who were emphasized in the Chinese National Wrestling Team including male classical wrestling, male free wrestling and female free wrestling preparing for the 27th Olympic Games participated in the study. Among them, 8 wrestlers had joined the 27th Olympic Games. Results: The results indicated that the injuries were similar among wrestlers regarding as injuries' categories and qualities and the injuries were most normally seen on joints, ligament and muscle. According to the locations there was no difference between males and females in free wrestling which usually happen in knee joints, elbow joints, finger joints, ears, shoulder joints and waists, but injuries mostly located in waists and backs and then knee joints and elbow joints in male classical wrestler. Injuries mostly happen in specific training mainly because of insufficient warm-up, incorrect movements, slow strain and insufficient management of training sites, etc. Acupuncture, moxibustion and Chinese massage were best measures in treatment, and physical therapy, external administration were also accepted.