多民族杂居区语言使用情况探究——新平漠沙个案调查

The Discussion of language usage in multiracial co-residence regions——a case study in Mosha, Xinpin

新平县是云南省地域广、人口多、民族亦多的山区民族自治县。新平县漠沙镇位于红河谷,在这里长期居住着傣、彝、苗、哈尼、拉祜、回等多种民族。民族分布情况与我国绝大多数地区少数民族分布的情况雷同,基本是或大或小的聚居,而在一个特定的民族聚居区内,又杂居着其他民族。坝区主要居住着傣族,汉族、彝族、哈尼族等,其它民族多居山区和半山区。漠沙各民族与我国民族总体分布尽管有着共同点,但语言使用上却有着不少独特之处。十分明显的是生活在同一漠沙镇的不同民族,大都各自在使用本民族语言的同时又普遍兼用汉语,然而语言使用状况,特别是双语类型却表现出极大的差异。本文探究了该地区不同民族的语言使用情况及语言使用特点。

Xinpin, a mountain autonomous county in Yunnan province, has grand measure of regions with large number of population and races. Mosha, a town of Xinpin county, is located in Red River valley and permanently raises some multiracial residents, such as Dai, Yi, Miao, Hani, Lahu, and Hui. The distribution of races in Mosha is similar to that in most ethnic areas of China. Basically people in these areas inhabit into a big or small community in which one major race co-resides with other minor ethnic people. In Mosha, most Dai people live in the small basins of plateau; other races, such as Han, Yi, and Hani tend to dwell in the mountain or near-mountain regions. Although the distribution of races in Mosha demonstrates the common features to that in most ethnic areas of China, the language usage in Mosha shows extra specific features. Obviously, all races living in Mosha acquire both their mother tongue and Mandarin, however, the bilingual usage in these races differ from each other. This paper would like to discuss the multiracial language usage in Mosha region and the features of language usage.