自由的理性——论康德的理性主义

The Rationality of Freedom: A Study of Kantian Rationalism

康德哲学从其“理性”概念出发演绎出“自由”概念。他的“理性”概念包含了西方传统哲学中关于理性概念的两大精神要素,即“努斯”精神与“逻各斯”精神,从前者演绎出理性的“先验自由”;从后者则演绎出理性的自我规范性,即意志自律。他论证这种基于纯粹理性基础之上的自由则是为了确认人是目的本身。

The concept of “freedom” is developed from the concept of “rationality” in Kantianism, which includes the two key spiritual elements in the traditional West philosophy, that is, the spirit of “nous” and the spirit of “logos”. “A priori freedom” of rationality is deduced from the former while the self-standardization of rationality or self-discipline of will is deduced from the latter. His discussion of freedom based on pure rationality aims at confirming man as the goal itself.