附加环境变量的比较优势理论

Comparative Advantage Theory with Environmental Factor Attached

环境变量对比较优势的影响,集中表现为环境成本高低对厂商决策的影响。这种影响发生作用的总体分析框架可以从禀赋、技术与制度几个方面来说明。在李嘉图模型中,若将环境成本用追加的劳动投入来衡量,可以发现,环保技术及环境成本的引入,将修正传统的比较优势格局。在赫克歇尔—俄林模型中附加环境变量,亦即假定环境作为一种生产要素而起作用,则所形成的比较优势将建立在包含环境资源真实价格的基础之上。环境真实价格与现实价格的脱离,使“显示的比较优势”有可能与真实的比较优势发生偏离,从而损害效率与公平。

The influence of environmental resources on the comparative advantages focuses on the environmental cost's impact on the firm's decision.In the beginning,this article shows the general analysizing framework from the views including endowment,technology and institute.In the amended Ricardo Model,the environmental factor is measured by the attached labor cost,and then I find that the introduction of environmental technology and environmental cost has corrected the traditional pattern of comparative advantage.In the H-O Model with environmental factor attached,the environment is assumed to be a kind of productive factor,thus the comparative advantage based on environmental true price is studied.In the end,the divorce of environmental true price and real price makes the manifested comparative advantage separated from the true comparative advantage,and then destroys the efficiency and impartiality.