氢氧化钠烟雾对作业工人呼吸系统的慢性影响

The Chronic Effect of Sodium Hydroxide Fog on the Respiratory System of Workers

目的研究氢氧化钠烟雾对作业工人呼吸系统的慢性影响。方法对150名氢氧化钠作业工人和同一地区年龄、性别、身高、体重、吸烟情况类似的140名正常对照工人进行上呼吸道检查及肺通气功能测定分析。结果接触组咽干咽痛、咽充血及鼻黏膜充血、干燥等与对照组比较差异有非常显著性。接触组PEFR、V50与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),MMF、V75、V25、V25/H与对照组比较差异有非常显著性(P<0.01),且肺通气功能变化与工龄有关。肺通气功能异常以阻塞型和小气道通气障碍为主;吸烟与氢氧化钠两因素对肺功能变化产生协同作用。结论作业人群肺通气功能的变化与接触氢氧化钠烟雾有密切关系。

Objective To study the chronic respiratory effect of sodium hydroxide fog among exposed workers. Methods 150 workers exposed to sodium hydroxide fog and 140 healthy workers from the same region were examined. The age, sex, height, weight and smoking status were matched in the exposed and the control groups. The medical examination was carried out and pulmonary function was monitored. Results The symptom prevalence of throat dryness, sore, engorgement and nasal mucosa engorgement and dryness were higher in the exposed group. The indicators of pulmonary function, PEER, V50, MMF, V75, V25 and V25/H were lower, too. The functional disorders of pulmonary ventilation were presented primarily as congestion and small airway blockage. With increment of exposure time, the effect became more severe. Smoking and occupational exposure to sodium hydroxide fog had an interaction. Conclusion Exposure to sodium hydroxide fog can cause the changer of pulmonary function towards worse.