新疆北部短命植物的特征分析

Characterization of ephemeral plants in northern region of Xinjiang

对短命植物的生物学和生态特征、分布和资源价值进行了分析研究。短命植物主要生长在干旱区,利用早春雨水和雪水生长发育,在夏季干热季节来临之前迅速完成其生活周期。短命植物在长期发展过程中,形成了一系列应对环境挑战的生物学特征。短命植物的根系可分为须根型、主根型和侧根型。短命植物是由干热植物区系衍生出来的、较为年轻的植物类群,其生态地理分布格局明显受气候和地理条件的约束。短命植物在我国主要分布于新疆北部,是新疆植物区系中一类独特的植物。早春短命植物是北疆荒漠春季牧场的主要牧草,多种早春短命植物花色艳丽,极具观赏价值,有些种还是中药材,具有一定的开发价值。研究结果对保护和开发利用北疆地区的短命植物资源具有一定的意义。

The ephemeral plants grew in arid area. They could finish their life cycles quickly before dry and hot summer approaching by using the water from early spring rainfall and melting snow. The ephemeral plants had developed some special biological characteristics during evolutionary process in stress environments. Their root systems included fibrous, tap and lateral root type. The ephemeral plants were derived from dry and hot flora, they belonged to one kind of younger plant association. Their ecological distribution was depended on the climate and geographical conditions. They mainly distributed in northern Xinjiang and became one of the very special plant associations there. The ephemeral plants were important constituent of early spring ranch of Northern Xinjiang. And many species were flowers and Chinese herbal medicine with economical value. The biological and ecological characteristics,distribution and resource values of ephemeral plants were studied in this paper. The results will be helpful for protection and exploitation of ephemeral plants in northern Xinjiang.