怎样计算现代汉语句子的时间信息

How to Calculate the Temporal Information of the Sentences in Modern Chinese

现代汉语句子的时间信息,是由句中的各个单位及其关系共同编码的,因此必须建立起整体的时间认知模型才能计算。包括三个方面:1 将时间性质分解为事件的基本阶段(起始、持续、终结)、事件的时段(确定时段、相对小量、相对大量)和认知窗口的时间基点等认知要素,对事件类型进行分类,在此基础上,构建有关时间的认知模型。2 对现代汉语句子中可能出现的每一单位和关系,用事件类型符号和时间要素符号进行翻译,所得的结果———该单位或关系的元语言表述式(翻译式)———表明了该单位或关系在编码时间信息时究竟表现什么意义。3 在认知模型中建立一个由规则驱动的运算系统,将元语言表述式化简为最简表述,它即是句子整体编码的时间信息。

The temporal information of a sentence in modern Chinese is represented jointly by the units and their relations of the sentence. Thus, an integral temporal cognitive model should be established in order to calculate the temporal information. It includes three procedures: First, it reduces the concept of temporal properties into the the cognitive constituents as the three fundamental phrases (i.e. the beginning, continuance, and end of an event), and categorizes the types of events. Based on them, the temporal model has been constructed. Second, it translates every possible units and relations in the modern Chinese sentences with emblems of the events types of and signs of temporal constituents. The result of the translation, namely, the meta-linguistic expressions (i.e. the translation forms) of the unit or the relation, makes it clear what the unit or the relation means in the process of carrying temporal information. Third, it establishes a rule-driven system of calculation in the cognitive model, simplifying the meta-linguistic expressions into the most economical expressions which is exactly the temporal information coded in the sentence as a whole.