降低早产儿脑性瘫痪发生率的临床研究

Lowering incidence of cerebral palsy of premature infants through early intervention

目的探讨早期干预对降低早产儿脑性瘫痪(简称脑瘫)发生率的作用。方法来自全国各协作单位的1053例早产儿按研究开始前、后的时间和家长意愿分为早期干预组(551例)和常规育儿组(502例)。干预组自早产儿出院开始除接受常规育儿指导外,通过家长对早产儿进行认知、语言、情感和交往能力培养,并重点进行按摩、体操和主动运动训练,出现运动异常者做相应康复训练。常规组只接受与干预组相同的常规育儿指导。结果两组男女比例、孕母并发症、平均胎龄和出生体重、小于胎龄儿的比例、单胎和多胎的比例、胎内窘迫、生后窒息、新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病和颅内出血的发生率、Apgar评分和纠正胎龄40周新生儿行为神经测查评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),说明两组有可比性。1岁时脑瘫发生率干预组为0.91%(5/551),常规组为3.19%(16/502)(P<0.01)。干预组5例脑瘫患儿中3例为轻度,2例为重度;常规组16例中7例为中度,9例为重度。结论早产儿早期干预可降低早产儿脑瘫发生率,此结论有待扩大样本重复验证。

Objective In recent years, the survival rate of premature infants is increased, but the incidence of cerebral palsy did not decrease, instead, there was a tendency of increase. The incidence of cerebral palsy of premature infants was 29.13‰ in 7 provinces in China in an investigation of over 30 000 children 1-6 years of age in 1997, which is 25.16 times higher than that of full term infants. Each year, about 1 million premature infants are born in China, which may include an increase of approximately 29 000 cerebral palsy infants. The rehabilitation expense of cerebral palsy infants is high, older patients cannot be cured; only improved life quality is possible. Therefore, we carried out this research from March 1, 2000 to the end of February 2003 to explore the effects of early intervention in lowering the incidence of cerebral palsy among premature infants. Methods A total of 1053 cases of survived premature infants, gestational age under 37 weeks, excluding those with congenital deformity and hereditary metabolic diseases, born or treated in all collaborative units were classified into 2 groups: early intervention group (551 cases) and routine care group (502 cases). Method of classification: all premature infants born within 1 year before beginning of the study and premature infants born after beginning of the study whose parents did not want to receive early intervention were included in the routine care group; all premature infants born after beginning of the study whose family intended to actively participate in early intervention were included in the intervention group. The numbers of infants in the two groups were quite close in each collaborative unit. In the intervention group, the premature infants received early intervention after discharge from hospital, in addition to routine care, once a month before corrected age of 6 months and once every two months after 6 months. The parents were instructed to cultivate the infant's cognition, language, emotion and communication ability, and the infants were given massage, subjected to exercise and received active motor training. All infants with abnormal motor manifestations were given appropriate rehabilitation training. In the routine care group, infants received similar routine care only. Results In the 2 groups, no significant differences (P>0.05) were found in complications of pregnant mothers, average gestational age and birth weight, proportion of small for gestational age (SGA), proportion of single and multiple births, fetal stress, postnatal asphyxia, incidence of neonatal hypoxic inschemic encephalopathy (HIE) and intracranial hemorrhage, Apgar Score and Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment Score at 40 weeks of gestational age. These indicate that the two groups were comparable. At 1 year of age, the incidence of cerebral palsy was 0.91%(5/551) in the intervention group and 3.19%(16/502) in the routine care group (P<0.01). Of the 5 cases with cerebral palsy in the interventional group, 3 were mild and 2 severe. Of the 16 cases in the routine care group, 7 were moderate and 9 severe. Conclusion Early intervention can reduce the incidence of cerebral palsy of premature infants. This conclusion awaits confirmation from studies with larger sample size.