企业名称权的性质及法律保护

The Property of an Enterprise's Right of Name and Its Legal Protection

企业对其名称是享有名称权还是名称专用权,我国现行法律规定有所不一,《民法通则》规定企业享有名称权,《企业名称登记管理规定》规定企业享有名称专用权,理论界对这一问题也有不同的认识。从理论上和实际操作的可能性上分析,企业应享有名称权,而不是名称专用权。因为市场经济条件下,企业的经营活动已经打破了地域的限制,同时,经营范围问题也在被逐渐淡化,这样,现行企业名称制度中决定其专用权范围的因素所剩无几,甚至荡然无存。对于企业名称权的保护也应采取国际通行的做法,通过防止混淆原则、保护在先权利原则等保护企业名称权。

Whether an enterprise enjoys right of name or exclusive right of name to the use of name is variously explained in present laws and regulations of China. General Principles of Civil Law of the PRC regulates that an enterprise enjoys right of name while Administrative Regulations Concerning Registration of Enterprise's Name rules that an enterprise enjoys exclusive right to the use of name. Also, there are various views in theory. From an analysis of theoretical and practical capability, an enterprise should enjoy right of name rather than exclusive right to the use of name, because an enterprise, under market economy, is operated without regional limitation; meanwhile, the scope of the operation for an enterprise is gradually insignificant. Therefore, the protection for an enterprise' s right of name should be in accordance with international forms such as principle of avoiding confusion and principle of protecting prior right.