我国煤矿区土地复垦与生态重建研究

RESEARCH ON THE RECULTIVATION AND ECOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION IN COAL MINING AREA IN CHINA

文章分析了煤炭开采对生态环境破坏的特征,将采前生态系统类型与采矿扰动因子列为矿区生态破坏类型划分的两个重要因素,并对煤矿区生态破坏类型进行了划分;回顾了我国矿区土地复垦研究历程,简要介绍了各阶段所取得的标志性成果;在矿区土地复垦评价与规划、复垦土壤重构、矿区土地复垦界面要素演替规律、矿区生态重建原理等方面的研究为土地复垦科学化提供了强有力的理论支撑;矿区土地复垦技术不断创新,初步形成了地下开采矿山充填复垦与非充填复垦、露天开采矿山剥采复一体化、矸石山绿化、复垦土壤剖面重构、植被恢复的技术体系;综合目前该领域的研究现状和存在的问题,提出了我国矿区土地复垦与生态重建的重点方向。

The features of environment destructed by coal mining are analyzed in this paper. The types of ecosystem before mining, geological conditions and mining method are regarded as important factors for classifying the types of ecosystem after mining, and five typical destruction ecosystem types are divided. The development of the land recultivation and the ecological reconstruction in China has gone through three stages and the outstanding achievements made at each stage are introduced in this paper. The theoretical achievements related to the land recultivation and the ecological reconstruction are summarized as four points,which are theories for land reclamation evaluation and planning,resoiling,succession of essential factors of mined land reclamation interface,and mined ecosystem reconstruction.The technical innovation on the land reclamation in the past decade can be summed as a technical system,which consists of filling,grading,pumping,resoiling,replanting,combination stripping,mining and reclaiming into one system,afforesting on mining waste dump and so on. By analyzing existing questions and the research situation,four aspects in future study on the land reclamation and the ecological reconstruction should be paid more attention to.