论对合犯的共犯问题

On the Complicity Issues in Correspondence Offences

对合犯是指基于双方互为行为对象的行为而成立的犯罪。根据我国刑法中共同犯罪的概念,对合犯中只有少部分具有共同犯罪的属性,属我国刑法中的必要共犯。对属必要共犯的对合犯,不仅需要适用刑法分则的相关规定,而且还应适用刑法总则关于共同犯罪的规定。这是对我国传统的必要共犯处断原则的突破。在法律只处罚一方的对合犯中,法律不处罚的一方对另一方的教唆、帮助行为,如果超出了对合关系中实行犯的定型的参与形式并且具有社会危害性和期待可能性,则可按另一方的教唆犯、帮助犯予以处罚。

Correspondence offence is a kind of crime committed by both the two parties involved in the crime with the interactive relation that one party offends the other. According to Criminal Law in China, correspondence offence bears only partial characteristics of joint crimes. Therefore, it is categorized as an indispensable joint offence in China, which means that not only the provisions but also the general provision of Criminal Law can be applied to judge this kind of crime. This is a breakthrough in China to judge indispensable joint offences. With reference to this principle, in a certain correspondence offence, if the aids and abets offered by the unpunished party to the punished party overrun the set modal and cause harmful or potential harmful effects to the society, the unpunished party should be penalized as the abettor or the aider.