论地球之水与人类发展的关系

On the Relationship of Earth Water and the Development of Mankind

水是生命之源,地球上水的来源有3种方式:地球原生水、天外来水和生物体内造水。地球的水由海洋、河流、湖泊、沼泽、积雪、冰川、地下水、空气水等构成了地球水圈。分析了地球水圈循环的方式、路径以及更新一次需要的时间,提醒人们如何科学利用和保护水资源。地球总水量约为13.86亿km3,海洋咸水约占总水量的94%,淡水约占总水量的6%。论述了地球上的水各有其形态、位置及数量,5大文明中心的产生、文化传播与大河流域的水系相关,对水的珍惜与保护就是对生命、文化的珍惜和保护,对人类社会可持续发展的保护。

Water is the source of life. There are three forms about the sourc e of the earth water: from the earth, beyond the highest heavens, and the bodie s of living beings. The earth water consists of oceans, rivers, lakes, marsh, ac cumulated snow, glacier, groundwater, air water, etc. forming the earth hydrosph ere. This paper analyzed the way , route and needed time of one renewal of the e arth hydrosphere cycle. And the author reminded people how to protect and use th e water resources scientifically. The total water quantity of the earth is about 13.86 hundreds of millions km3, the ocean salt water is 94% , and the fresh wa ter is 6% . This paper discussed the earth water had its shapes, locations and quantities. Their coming into being, and cultural spread of five ancient civiliz ation centers correlate with the river systems of the large rivers basin. We val ue and protect water, namely value and protect our lives and culture, and protec t the sustainable development of human society as well.