小麦杂交组合早代耐盐性研究

Salt tolerance of early combinations in wheat diallel crossings

通过300个杂交组合F0代种子盐水发芽实验、F1代植株盐土盆栽试验,研究了杂交组合亲缘与早代后裔耐盐性的关系,旨在寻求耐盐品系选育的最佳方法。研究结果表明在母本为高代耐盐材料的298个组合中,F0代种子发芽组合数占49.33%,母本同亲缘组合较好的耐盐材料×(耐盐材料×本地材料);F1代植株成穗组合占总组合数的6.33%,在成穗19个组合中,最好的2个组合母本亲缘外地材料×耐盐材料;倒3叶干尖比较小的组合母本亲缘为外地材料×耐盐材料;收获粒数较好的为外地材料×耐盐材料,表现最好的为耐盐材料的3交;平均单穗粒数在30以上的组合为4个,3个为多交。由此可见含有耐盐材料母本亲缘的单交,有利于提高F1代植株的耐盐性;含有耐盐材料的母本亲缘的3交,有利于提高盐土中F1代产量。

The germination experiment of the F_0 seeds of three hundred combinations obtained in 2003 was carried out with salt water to study the relationship of the consanguinity of the combinations with the salt tolerance of their progeny in earlier generation and thus explore the breeding approach of salt-tolerant lines. The results showed that of the 298 salt-tolerant combinations with their female parents belonging to salt-tolerant materials in late generations the germinated F_0 seeds accounted for 49.33% and the well-performed combination was the combination of salt-tolerant materials ×(salt-tolerant materials × local materials) on the side of female parents; the plants with fruited spikes accounted for 6.33% of all the plants in F_1 combinations; of the 19 combinations with fruited spikes, the consanguinity of the two best performed combinations was introduced materials ×salt tolerant materials; the consanguinity of the combinations with small blade top of the third leaves from top was the combinations of introduced materials× salt-tolerant materials; the combinations producing good seed yield were the combinations of introduced materials× salt-tolerant materials, and the combinations producing higher seed numbers were the triple-crossing combinations containing salt-tolerant materials; there were four combinations with more than 30 seeds per spike of which three were multi-crossing combinations. Therefore, the single-crossing combinations imbibing the consanguinity of salt-tolerant parental materials were beneficial to the salt tolerance of F_1 plants, and the triple-crossing combinations were beneficial to raising the yield of F_1.