旱地莜麦多目标动态施肥模式研究

Study on mode of multi-purpose dynamic fertilization of naked oat on dry-land

建立莜麦籽粒产量、生物产量、籽粒蛋白质产量、总蛋白质产量与施氮总量及追施比例之间的效应方程,求解不同边际利润下的最佳施氮量及追施比例。结果表明施氮量改变,直接影响最佳追施比例、籽粒产量、蛋白质产量和生物产量等,施氮量在17.25～120.75kg/hm2区间内,各种目标产量随施氮量的增加而稳定增加,在合理的施氮量区间内实现既定产量,施氮总量与追施比例可以消长互替,降低追施比例则增加氮素总量,或增加追施比例则可以减少氮素总量。得出了不同目标产量时的最佳氮肥用量与追施比例和对应于氮肥不同用量的最佳追施比例及理论产量的动态施肥模式的数学方程。

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of N dosage and proportion of additional fertilizer on grain yield, biomass yield, seed protein yield and total protein yield of naked oat, and to determine the optimum pattern of fertilization. The results showed that the dosage of N fertilizer affected directly the optimum proportion of additional fertilizer, grain yield, biomass yield, seed protein yield and total protein yield. When the N dosage was within the range of 170.25～120.25 kg/hm^2, the yields increased observably with the increase of N application. To realize a fixed target output, the N fertilizer dosage and the proportion of additional N fertilizer were affected each other, i.e., to decrease the proportion of additional fertilizer would result in the increase of N dosage, or to increase the proportion of additional fertilizer would result in the reduction of N dosage. The mathematics equations of dynamic fertilization mode were set up to determine the rational N dosage and proportion of additional fertilizer for different production goals.