风蚀容忍量研究进展及其若干问题的探讨

Research Advances on Wind Erosion Tolerance and Problem Discussion

土壤风蚀是造成沙漠化的首要环节。长期以来,由于没有制定一个合理的风蚀控制临界值,土地利用和土壤风蚀防治之间的矛盾非常突出,风蚀控制措施收效不大。风蚀容忍量(T值)的研究,为风蚀控制提供了一个标准。在确定T值时,应该首先对风蚀地区进行分区,根据不同地区的情况和要求制定相应的T值标准,同时进行投入与产出的对比,制定T值的一个合理的阈值,使其随着我国经济的发展而逐步降低,从而使T值标准具有更强的实用性与适应性;在基于T值标准的风蚀防治措施的实施保障方面,除了要把它纳入法律轨道外,还需要制定相应的政策引导当地居民将之转化为脱贫致富的自觉行为,并建立生态资产补偿制度。

Soil wind erosion is the first tache of resulting in desertification. Because there isn t a reasonable threshold of wind erosion tolerance(T-value), for a long time, the contradiction between land use and wind erosion control has been very serious and the measures for wind erosion control are not effective. Nevertheless, the study of wind erosion tolerance has offered us a line for wind erosion control. The standard of T-value should vary according to the specific district and the main types of land use in the district, and should have a scope to allow the T-value to fall with the development of our economy. To make the standard practical, we should weigh the inputs against outputs for the measures based on T-value. What s more, we should make some laws to ensure that the T-value standard will be put into effect, and make some policies to protect the benefits of local residents.