从金圣叹研究看当代学术研究中存在的误区

The Academic Problems on Native Jin Shengtan Studies

20世纪金圣叹在中国学术视野中的身份与地位随百年来中国学术观念与范畴的转换而不断转换。20世纪70年代后中国的金圣叹研究虽然开始走出政治研究的误区,恢复了金圣叹文艺理论家的本来面目,但仍存在很多问题。无论是20世纪80年代初把金圣叹作为一个现实主义或浪漫主义理论家进行解释,还是后来把金圣叹作为一个形式主义理论家对待,都不过是试图拿金圣叹的理论与某种既成理论相印证。这种研究不仅剪裁了对象,而且缺乏理论创新的可能。金圣叹的文艺理论与西方20世纪形式主义理论既有相通的地方,更有原则性的差异。任何一种将300年前的金圣叹的理论与今天的某种理论相比附的做法,都是成问题的。

Jin shengtan's identity and status had been changed along with the transfers of national academic ideas and conceptions in 20th century. Although more and more scholars began to go away from the former politicized studies and look Jin as a literary critic after 1970's,there were still many problems in Jin Shengtan studies. Firstly We took Jin for a realist or a romanticist at the beginning of (1980's.)Then we took him for a formalist. But we had just used our studies to confirm the ideas which had seized our mind in these (studies.) This kinds of studies not only had narrowed the object, but also had made the theoretic creation impossible. There are essentially (differences) between Jin's theory and west formalistic theories as there are many consensuses between them. There should always be many problems when we use Jin's theory to confirm any theories after 300 years.