英雄主义的演变——海明威式英雄与水泊梁山好汉的比较研究

Development of Heroism ——A Comparative Study of Hemingway Code Heroes and Liangshan Heroes

在世界文学史上,英雄形象代代辈出。这些反复出现的人物形象衍化自文学原型中的原型英雄。作为人类集体无意识的显现,原型英雄有着鲜明的个性特征。他们身负重任、力挽狂澜、无所畏惧、豪气冲天……其中,施耐庵笔下的梁山好汉与海明威笔下的平民英雄分别是中西方文学中独树一帜的光辉形象。虽然隔着时空的差距,这两位作家笔下的英雄可以说是惺惺相惜,颇有许多神似之处。他们既继承了原型英雄的气质特征,如勇敢、正直、有本领,又有原型基础上的进一步演变,即不分贫富贵贱,无论成败得失,只要战胜自我,服务百姓,就是英雄。总之,两位作家笔下的英雄都有平民化趋势,英雄本色依旧,而外在的非本质的东西则被扬弃。在这个意义上,两位作家都更注重“英雄”这一概念的内涵,因而扩大了其外延。两种英雄价值观的比较研究对于我们研究文学、领悟人生都有着重要的意义。

In world literary history, heroism is an important theme. As part of human collective unconsciousness, hero archetype has its distinctive characteristics. A hero must be brave, right, and full of tactics. Among the heroes created by Chinese and Western writers, Hemingway code heroes and heroes in Shi Nai'an's Outlaws of the Marsh share some heroic features. They are reformed heroes, for they came from common people and they are faced with failure or death. Comparative study of the two writers' understanding of heroism has great significance for literary and ideological research.