明清时代徽州的市镇与宗族——歙县岩镇和柳山方氏环岩派

Towns and Patriarchal Qans in Huizhou During the Ming and Qing Dynasties

过去明清时代市镇研究大部分集中于经济先进地带的江南平原地区,而对山地市镇--徽州市镇则较少注意。笔者注意到,徽州的代表性市镇--岩镇在明代中期以后的逐渐繁荣,其过程可能与以岩镇为根据地的宗族中的一个支派势力的扩大有着密切的关系。这与平原市镇不同,使得徽州市镇在宗族文化上成为徽州乡村社会的缩影,呈现出其自身的特点。通过对徽州市镇与宗族的研究,有助于中国都市史研究的深化,扩大市镇研究的范畴。

Most previous researches on towns that existed during the Ming and Qing Dynasties concentrate on the economically advanced plain areas in the Lower Changjiang Delta, with less attention paid to such mountainous towns as those in Huizhou. The writer of this paper has noticed that after the middle period of the Ming Dynasty the gradual prosperity of Yan Town, a representative town in Huizhou, was most likely related to the growth of a powerful branch of a patriarchal clan which was based in Yan Town. Thus, unlike plain - based towns, the towns in Huizhou became a miniature of Huizhou rural society in terms of patriarchal culture, showing their own characteristics. Researches into towns and patriarchal clans in Huizhou contribute to the deepening of researches on the histories of metropolitan cities in China, thus expanding the scope of researches into towns.