秘密会党与民族主义——评杜赞奇对清末革命党会党观的论述

Secret Society and Nationalism: Comments on Du Zanqi' s Discussion of Viewpoints of Revolutionaries in Late Qing Dynasty Towards Secret Society

杜赞奇虽然看到了近代民族主义思潮对于清末革命党人会党观的影响,但是他忽视了中国传统的民族观念的延续,把历史文化传统所形成的一些思维定势,看成了一种在民族主义话语系统中经过精心策划的架构。在责疑清末革命党人把民族主义话语强加于会党的时候,杜赞奇也存在用近代民族主义话语误读革命党人的地方。人类在认识自身历史发展的过程中,总是会经历重大的话语转变。在话语转换的过程中,不要盲目否定原来话语中所包含的历史信息,这是近代史学发展的一个重要教训。用后现代史学观点考察近代史学发展时,也要注意此点。

Although he perceived the influence of tides of thoughts of modern nationalism on how revolutionaries in late Qing Dynasty assessed and judged the underworld society, Du Zanqi overlooked the continuation of China' s traditional national viewpoints , regarding some established thinking patterns shaped by our historical and cultural traditions as a kind of elaborately designed configuration of the national discourse fabric. While criticizing the revolutionaries in the late Qing Dynasty who had imposed discourse of nationalism on the secret society, Du Zanqi misinterpreted them in some aspects by using discourse of modern nationalism. In the course of understanding their own historical development, human beings invariably experience important changes in discourse. In the process of discourse transformation, it is not right to blindly deny the historical messages contained in the original discourse. This is an important lesson drawn from the development of modern historical science. It is also necessary to pay attention to this point when we investigate the developments of the modern science of history by using views of the post - modern historical science.