中国古代文论中的“风趣”与“机趣”论

Towards Feng Qu and Ji Qu in Classical Literary Criticism in Ancient China

“风趣”与“机趣”是“趣”的两种审美形态。“风趣”一词最早出现于南北朝时期,它作为美学范畴确立在宋代,宋以后文论家对“风趣”展开了理论探讨。“机趣”则最早出现于明代,明清两代文论家对“机趣”也进行了理论阐说。“风趣”与“机趣”相互渗透、相互糅合;但两者在审美质性、审美生发、审美意味、情态表现等方面存在区别。

The two terms Feng Qu and Ji Qu are two aesthetic forms of the Qu( interest) category. The Chinese term Feng Qu first appeared in the South - North Dynasty, but it was in Song Dynasty, that the word was established among the aesthetic category. The critics after the Song Dynasty probed into it from the theoretical angle. The term Ji Qu considered as belonging to an aesthetic category made its first appearance in the Ming Dynasty. Some critics in both Ming and Qing Dynasties similarly explained it from the theoretical angle. Feng Qu and Ji Qu permeate and merge into each other, but they are different in terms of aesthetic character, aesthetic production, aesthetic meaning and sentimental manifestation.