现代汉语祈使句句末语气词选择性研究

On the Selectivity of Modal Particles in Imperative Sentences in Modern Chinese

现代汉语祈使句句末语气词的分布存在选择性,其原因与祈使句的类别及主语人称有关。选择差异表现为:(1)肯定式带语气词的比例高于强调式和否定式。(2)各类别祈使句句末语气词呈现出较明显的分布差异性。肯定式以带“吧”及“啊”的变体为主,强调式多见“啊”及其变体,而否定式常用“啊”及其变体以及“了”与“啊”的合音变体。(3)同类别不同人称句末语气词的分布频率存在差异,差异性与祈使句主语人称的标记性有关。

The existence of the selectivity of modal particles in imperative sentences in modern Chinese is due to the fact that the employment of the modal particles is closely related to both the subjects and the types of the imperative sentences. The following are the manifold manifestations: 1) Modal particles are more often used in positive sentences than in emphatic and negative ones. 2) The types of the imperative sentences determine to a great extent the selection of the modal particles. In positive imperative sentences, the modal particles are mainly the variations of 'ba'(吧)and 'a'(啊) ; in emphatic ones, 'a'(啊) and its variations are often used; while in negative ones, the most often used modal particles are 'a' (啊) and its variations and the combined variations of both '了'and' 啊'3) Imperative sentences of the same type might have different distribution frequencies of modal particles when their subjects differ from each other, and the difference finds its cause in the markedness of the subjects.