多义词意义关系模式研究

The Formulation of Semantic Relation Models of Polysemants

在人类经验的基础上,通过认知和文化模式建构起来的概念,依附于语言符号而获得意义;随着人类社会经济文化的发展,概念会不断扩充与抽象化,于是赋予旧词以新义,继而产生了多义现象。一个多义词构成一个以基本义为原型的认知和语义范畴;人类的经验和认知过程是复杂的,可连续、可发散、可跳跃;原型与非原型成员、非原型成员与非原型成员之间可相互联系,但关系的密切程度可能会很不一样,很难由一个模式准确、全面地予以概括,需要一组模式。

A concept, constructed on the basis of human experience and by means of cognitive and cultural models, acquires meaning in virtue of association with a linguistic sign. With the development of society, economy and culture, the concept may continuously extend, entrusting an old word with new meanings and hence polysemy. A polysemic word constitutes a cognitive and semantic category with its primary meaning as the prototype, in which the prototype and non-central members, and non-central members themselves can relate to each other since human experience and cognitive process may be continuous, divergent, or jumping. However, owing to the complexity of human experience and cognitive process, the relationship could be too complicated to be exactly and comprehensively generalized with only one semantic relation model, and different cases need different models.