女性主义批评对奥菲利娅的解读

虽然《哈姆雷特》中的奥菲利娅一直没有得到评论界的足够重视,但女性批评的发展为解读奥菲利娅提供了全新的视角。试图从女性主义批评视角对奥菲利娅由常态—疯癔—死亡之三阶段进行分析,并由此认为,奥菲利娅神秘的疯癔和最后的死体现了她对父权制社会以及代表这一社会权威的“男性话语”的憎恨与不满。与此同时,奥菲利娅的疯癔再现了哈姆雷特长期被压制在潜意识中的真实自我。因此,体现在哈姆雷特问题(tobeornottobe)中的忧郁也有了新的阐释的可能。而剧作家莎翁“雌雄一体”的过人思想由此可见一斑。

The invisibility of Ophelia in critical texts seems to be in inverse relation to her visibility in paintings. Feminist discourse denied by the male critics and established by feminists offers us a new perspective on Ophelia's madness and death as protest and rebellion. Feminist criticism is applied in this article to make a comprehensive analysis of Ophelia from her sanity to insanity and up to her final drowning. Ophelia in insanity and drowning is represented as her hatred and dissatisfaction towards the patriarchal society and the male discourse authorized by this society. In fact, her insanity reflects the outer ego of Hamlet,this ego, however, has long been oppressed by Hamlet down to his subconscious. The re-reading and analysis of Ophelia enable us to provide new possible interpretations on Hamlet's melancholy which is shown in his famous question to be or not to be. The maleness and femaleness in Hamlet reflect Shakespeare's vision of androgyny.