空间相互作用与城市关联网络演进——以我国20世纪90年代城际铁路客流为例

Spatial Interaction and Network Structure Evolvement of Cities in Term of China's Railway Passenger Flow in 1990s

我国城市群在铁路客流空间相互作用的层次上所体现的空间分布和网络结构演化体现了城市群的重要方面。通过对1991和2000年我国200多个地级以上城市间铁路客流的经验性研究发现,城际铁路客流不但存在明显的距离衰减规律,而且各个主要城市群的铁路客流衰减变化规律及其网络结构有所不同,应用重力模型等方法不能较好地刻画这一变化。本研究借助“轴-辐”理念进一步从网络关联的角度考察了我国1990年代铁路客流变化,发现存在明显的区域重组、中心极化和空间关联升级现象,并分析这些现象所体现的城市群结构变化及其背后的原因。

Cities seperated in space are connected together by spatial interactions (SI) between them. But the studies focusing on the SI are relatively few in China mainly because of the scarity of data. This paper deals with the SI in terms of rail passenger flows in 1990s, which is an important aspect of the network structure of urban agglomerations. By using a data set consisting of 1991 and 2000 rail O-D passenger flows between nearly 200 cities, intercity rail distance O-D matrixes, and some other indices. It is found that the attenuating tendency of rail passenger is obvious, but the gravity model cannot explain the change over time. Then a further study is carried out based on the hub-and-spoke framework under which the error of gravity model is explained. And by analysis of dominant flows and spatial structure of flows, we find that passenger flows have a trend of polarizing to hubs while the links between hubs upgrades, and some driven factors for the re-organization process of the structure of urban agglomerations are discussed.